The European Union Law and EU Legal Acts

The EU has its own legal system, which is distinct from the public legal systems of its member countries. EU law is a body of law that applies within the EU and has supremacy over public law. The EU has its own legal system, which consists of a hierarchy of legal acts that are binding on member states. There are several types of EU legal acts, each with its own characteristics and legal effect. In this article, we will discuss the most important types of EU legal acts.

  • 1-EU treaties
  • 2-Regulations

  • 3-Directives
  • 4-Decisions
  • 5-Recommendations and Opinions
  • 6-Framework desicions
  • 7-Declarations
  • 8-Resolutions
  • 9-Enforcing Acts
  • 10-Recommendations for desicions 

  • Here are detailed explanations of a few of them:
  • The treaties are the loftiest source of EU law. They're the agreements between EU member states that establish the EU and govern its institutions. The current EU treaties are the Treaty on European Union( TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union( TFEU). The treaties set out the objects and principles of the EU, define the powers and liabilities of its institutions, and establish the legal frame for EU programs and conduct.

The primary source of EU law is the contract that establish the EU and define its objects, powers, and institutions. These covenants are the base for all EU law and are binding on all memberstates. EU regulations are directly applicable and binding in all member countries, which means that they automatically come part of public law without the need for any farther perpetration. 

Regulations are defined by Article 288. They are binding in their entirety and are directly applicable in all European Union (EU) Member States. A regulation is addressed to abstract of persons and also binding upon in its entirety. That reason must be complied with fully by those to whom it applies. 
    As a consequence of being directly applicable, they do not need to be transposed into national law. They are directly applicable. Individuals can claim rights directly on the basis of them. A Regulation is applicable in all Members from the date of its entry into force. It is automatically and uniformly binding in the national law of all Member States. Pursuant to Article 291, the European Parliament and the Council are authorised by the Commission to adopt the Regulation in order to ensure that the legislation is applied uniformly throughout the EU.

EU directive are sui generis rule. It should'nt be forgotten that,  EU opinions are binding on the parties to whom they're addressed and have direct effect in public law. In this aspect directives form part of the EU’s secondary law and they are adopted by the EU institutions accordance with the treaties. Directives are once adopted at EU level, they are then transposed by EU Member States so they become law in the Member States. A directive may be adopted by means of legislative procedure or a non-legislative procedure . Member countries should transpose the EU directives if want to use with their public law to give them effect. Directives may be incorporated into domestic law as a result of the process of adoption by the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure or only by the Council in accordance with the special legislative procedure. In this case, the legislative procedure is realized. On the other hand Directives can be accepted without applying the aforementioned procedure. In this case a non-legislative procedure it happens. 
    EU directives has a two type of effect. firts one is Vertical direct effect. This is about the compatibility of national laws with EU law and the relationship of the laws, what the party states should pay attention to in the harmonization process and how they can achieve this. The second one Horizontal direct effect. This doctrinal position explains the details of the ability to rely on the direct effects of individual rights arising from EU law to bring claims before national courts in individual-individual disputes. There is that type of situtation no need for a directive to have been implemented by national law.

The opinions are listed in Article 288. They are non-binding in nature.In EU's website a few examples are given on this subject. These are,
  • The European Commission. In the context of a country applying to join the EU, the Council of the European Union invites the Commission to submit its opinion on this application.*
  • The Council. In relation to Regulation (EU) No 473/2013 on common rules for monitoring and assessing draft budgetary plans and ensuring the correction of excessive deficits of the EU Member States in the euro area, the Council issues opinions on Member States’ economic partnership programmes*

Declarations are statements made by the EU or its member countries that express a political commitment or position on a particular issue. Declarations aren't fairly binding, but they may have political or emblematic significance. Declarations are frequently used to express solidarity, support for a particular cause or policy, or to communicate a common communication to the transnational community.


Resolutions are legal acts espoused by the European Parliament that express its position on a particular issue. Resolutions aren't fairly binding, but they've political significance as they reflect the views and precedences of the tagged representatives of EU citizens. Resolutions may be used to address mortal rights violations, express support for popular processes, or give recommendations to the EU institutions on policy matters.

Enforcing Acts are legal acts that are used to insure harmonious operation of EU law across the EU. enforcing Acts are espoused by the European Commission and are binding on the member countries. They specify the specialized details and procedures for enforcing a particular EU legal act, similar as a regulation or directive. enforcing Acts are used in areas similar as product safety, consumer protection, and environmental protection.

Case law from the European Court of Justice( ECJ) also contributes to the development of EU law. The ECJ is the loftiest court in the EU and is responsible for icing that EU law is interpreted and applied constantly across all member countries. National courts must also apply and apply EU law in cases where it's applicable.
    Case law, as in all national laws, is important for the rule of law and the enforcement of the law. In the context of EU law, a body of case law is needed for such a community to manage legal processes in a harmonised manner. case law should be applied in all contracting states to the extent that it is applicable. The task of the EU institutions in this respect is to check the applicability and accessibility of judgements and to help national courts to achieve this.


For More; 
https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/law_en.

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/ordinary_legislative_procedure.html

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/legislative_acts.html

https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/law/types-legislation_en

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/glossary/opinion.html

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